How to File an FIR in India – Complete Guide with Format & Legal Rights (2025 Update)
Keywords: FIR in India, How to file FIR, FIR format, Police complaint India, FIR rights, Zero FIR, BNSS
1. Introduction – What is an FIR?
An FIR (First Information Report) is the first step in the criminal justice system of India.
It is a written document prepared by the police when they receive information about a cognizable offence – an offence where the police can register a case and start an investigation without prior approval of a magistrate.
Filing an FIR is your fundamental right as a citizen under Indian law. Knowing the correct process can protect you from delays, harassment, or wrongful denial by police authorities.
2. Legal Basis –
The (BNSS) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, governs FIR registration.
Key points:
FIR must be registered for cognizable offences (e.g., murder, theft, rape, kidnapping).
It should be written down by a police officer, read out to the complainant, and signed.
A copy of the FIR must be given to the complainant free of cost.
3. When Can You File an FIR?
You can file an FIR when:
The offence is cognizable (police have authority to investigate without magistrate’s order).
Examples include:
Murder, rape, dowry harassment, theft, rioting, kidnapping, fraud
If the offence is non-cognizable (like defamation or simple hurt), police will record an NC (Non-Cognizable) report and guide you to the magistrate.
4. Step-by-Step Guide to Filing an FIR
Go to the nearest police station (jurisdictional or any – see Zero FIR below).
Narrate the incident clearly – include date, time, location, and names of accused if known.
Police writes down your statement – ensure accuracy.
Sign the FIR – read carefully before signing.
Get a free copy – keep it safe for legal proceedings.
5. FIR Format – Sample
Sample FIR Format (as per BNSS):
Police Station: _____________
FIR No.: _______ Date: __________
Complainant's Name: __________________
Address: _____________________________
Contact Number: ______________________
Incident Details:
Date & Time of Incident: _______________
Place of Incident: _____________________
Description of Offence: ________________
Names of Accused (if known): ___________
Witnesses (if any): ____________________
Signature of Complainant: ______________
6. Rights of the Complainant
Free copy of FIR – mandatory under law.
Zero FIR – file FIR at any police station, even if outside jurisdiction.
Right to be informed – police must update you about the progress.
Right to legal representation – hire a lawyer at any stage.
7. What If Police Refuse to Register FIR?
If police refuse:
Approach the Superintendent of Police (SP) in writing.
File a complaint to the Magistrate.
Use online FIR portals (available in many states).
8. Difference Between FIR and Complaint
9. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Not noting down FIR number.
- Giving incomplete or vague statements.
- Not insisting on a copy.
10. FAQs
Q1: Can FIR be withdrawn?
A: No, but you can file a compromise petition in some compoundable offences.
Q2: Is online FIR valid?
A: Yes, if done through official state police portal.
11. Conclusion
Filing an FIR is your legal right and the first step in seeking justice.
If you face police inaction, wrongful refusal, or harassment, consult our LawTrix.in legal experts to ensure your rights are protected.
